Caroli

Caroli is a surname of Italian origin, derived from the given name Carlo (Charles). It is found among families in Italy and in Italian diaspora communities, and it may appear in historical or genealogical contexts in Latinized or regional spellings. As a surname, it is carried by various individuals across fields such as science, arts, and sport, though no single figure dominates the name's recognition.

In medicine, Caroli disease refers to a rare congenital disorder characterized by segmental, saccular dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. It can occur as an isolated finding or as part of Caroli syndrome, which includes hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension. Patients may experience abdominal pain, cholestasis, jaundice, and episodes of cholangitis. Complications can include bile duct stones, recurrent infections, progression to hepatic fibrosis, and an increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma. Diagnosis is primarily radiologic, with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and other imaging modalities revealing dilated intrahepatic ducts. Ultrasound and CT can be supportive. Treatment focuses on managing biliary infections, relieving obstruction, and monitoring for complications; ursodeoxycholic acid may be used in some cases, and liver transplantation may be required for severe disease or failure.

The term Caroli may also appear in historical or genealogical writings as a Latinized form referring to Charles (Carolus) in titles, documents, or name-runs. Overall, Caroli is primarily encountered as a surname and as a medical term describing a rare biliary condition.