Carbapenemer

Carbapenems are a class of broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics used to treat serious bacterial infections. They are among the most potent antibiotics available and are typically reserved for situations where other antibiotics are ineffective or inappropriate. Carbapenems work by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, leading to bacterial death. Their broad spectrum of activity includes many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as anaerobes.

The carbapenem class includes several drugs such as imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, and doripenem. They are usually administered intravenously. Due to their potency and broad spectrum, carbapenems are often used to treat complex infections like hospital-acquired pneumonia, intra-abdominal infections, and complicated urinary tract infections. They are also a crucial option for infections caused by multi-drug resistant organisms, including some strains of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria.

However, the use of carbapenems is associated with potential side effects, including gastrointestinal disturbances, rash, and allergic reactions. A significant concern is the development of resistance to carbapenems, particularly through mechanisms like the production of carbapenemases, enzymes that inactivate the antibiotic. This has led to increased surveillance and efforts to preserve the effectiveness of these vital medications. The selection of a carbapenem antibiotic depends on the specific pathogen, its susceptibility profile, the site of infection, and patient factors.