Cancérigènes

Cancérigènes are agents that can cause cancer. This term is derived from the French words "cancer" (cancer) and "gène" (gene), referring to their ability to induce genetic mutations that lead to uncontrolled cell growth. Cancérigènes can be physical, chemical, or biological in nature. Examples of physical carcinogens include ionizing radiation such as X-rays and gamma rays, as well as ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Chemical carcinogens encompass a wide range of substances, including tobacco smoke, asbestos, certain pesticides, and some industrial chemicals. Biological carcinogens include certain viruses, bacteria, and parasites. The process by which a carcinogen causes cancer is often complex and can involve multiple steps. Exposure to carcinogens can occur through various routes, including inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact. The risk of developing cancer from exposure depends on factors such as the type of carcinogen, the dose, the duration of exposure, and individual susceptibility. Scientific bodies like the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classify substances based on their carcinogenic potential to humans. Preventing exposure to known carcinogens is a key strategy in cancer prevention.