Callatis

Callatis was an ancient Greek city located on the western coast of the Black Sea. Founded by colonists from Heracleia Pontica, it is believed to have been established around the 6th century BCE. The city's strategic location made it an important center for trade and commerce in the region, facilitating the exchange of goods between the Greek world and the local Thracian populations. Archaeological evidence suggests a thriving urban settlement with evidence of fortifications, public buildings, and residential areas.

Over its history, Callatis experienced periods of varying influence. It was part of the Hellenistic world and later came under Roman rule, being incorporated into the province of Moesia Inferior. During Roman times, the city continued to prosper, as indicated by the remains of a Roman amphitheater and aqueducts. Callatis was known for its production of wine and its strategic importance for controlling access to the interior.

The city's decline is thought to have begun in the later Roman period, possibly due to economic shifts, military pressures, or the decline of trade routes. By the early Byzantine era, Callatis appears to have lost much of its former significance. Today, the remains of Callatis are located near the modern Romanian city of Mangalia, where ongoing archaeological excavations continue to reveal more about its rich past and its role in the ancient Black Sea world.