Caithness

Caithness is a historic county located on the far north-eastern coast of the Scottish mainland. It is part of the modern Highland council area and is bordered to the west by Sutherland, to the south by the mainland interior, and to the east and north by the North Sea and the Pentland Firth. The county includes Wick and Thurso, with Dunnet Head and the nearby John o' Groats forming the northern tip of Britain's mainland. The landscape combines coastal cliffs, moorland, and flat agricultural land, with a relatively sparse population.

Caithness derives its name from Old Norse, reflecting centuries of Norse influence in the region and in Orkney. Historically, it was known as Caithness-shire and formed part of the Norse earldom of Orkney before incorporation into the Kingdom of Scotland. In 1975, historic counties were reformed; Caithness is now administered as part of the Highland council area, though the historic county persists in ceremonial use as a lieutenancy area and as a cultural reference.

Economy has traditionally depended on farming and fishing; later development of mining and industry along coastal towns. In recent decades tourism has grown, with attractions such as the Castle of Mey, Dunnet Head, and the Duncansby Stacks, as well as access to John o' Groats. The region is noted for Norse heritage, archaeological remains, and its rugged landscapes that attract walkers and outdoor enthusiasts.