CMPNeu5Gc

CMPNeu5Gc is a non-human sialic acid that is found in the serum of humans. It is also found in the milk of many mammals, including cows. CMPNeu5Gc is synthesized from CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac) by the enzyme CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH). In humans, CMAH is not functional due to a frameshift mutation in the gene. This means that humans cannot synthesize CMPNeu5Gc, but can obtain it through diet.

CMPNeu5Gc has been implicated in a number of biological processes, including cell adhesion, immune responses, and cancer development. It has been shown to bind to certain receptors on the surface of cells, which can trigger a variety of cellular responses. For example, CMPNeu5Gc has been shown to promote the growth and metastasis of cancer cells. It has also been shown to be involved in the inflammatory response.

There is ongoing research into the role of CMPNeu5Gc in human health and disease. Some studies suggest that CMPNeu5Gc may contribute to autoimmune diseases and other inflammatory conditions. Other research is exploring its potential as a biomarker for certain cancers. The presence of CMPNeu5Gc in human tissues is generally considered a sign of exposure to non-human sources, such as red meat. Efforts to understand its metabolic pathways and biological effects continue to be an area of scientific interest.