CD147

CD147, also known as Basigin or EMMPRIN (Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer), is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It has a molecular weight of approximately 50-60 kDa and contains two extracellular Ig-like domains. CD147 is widely expressed in various tissues including epithelial cells, leukocytes, endothelial cells, and the central nervous system where it is referred to as neurothelin.

This protein plays multiple biological roles, including induction of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression in surrounding cells, regulation of lymphocyte activation, and facilitation of cell-cell interactions. In the context of cancer, CD147 is frequently overexpressed and contributes to tumor progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis by promoting extracellular matrix degradation.

CD147 also serves as a receptor for several pathogens, including Plasmodium falciparum and SARS-CoV-2, and has been implicated in various inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. Its ability to influence cellular adhesion, migration, and tissue remodeling makes it a significant molecule in both physiological and pathological processes.