C7H8N2O

C7H8N2O is the molecular formula for several organic compounds, most notably caffeine, a naturally occurring stimulant found in various plants. Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed psychoactive substances in the world, primarily due to its presence in coffee, tea, cocoa, and energy drinks. Structurally, caffeine belongs to the class of methylxanthines, which are alkaloids characterized by a fused ring system containing nitrogen atoms.

The chemical has a molecular weight of approximately 194.19 g/mol and exists as a white, bitter-tasting crystalline solid at room temperature. Its solubility is moderate in water and higher in organic solvents. Caffeine acts as an antagonist of adenosine receptors in the brain, blocking the neurotransmitter adenosine, which leads to increased alertness and reduced fatigue. This mechanism also contributes to its cardiovascular effects, such as increased heart rate and blood pressure.

Beyond its stimulant properties, caffeine has been studied for its potential health benefits, including enhanced cognitive function, improved physical performance, and possible neuroprotective effects. However, excessive consumption may lead to side effects such as insomnia, anxiety, digestive issues, or dependence. The World Health Organization classifies caffeine as generally safe in moderate amounts, but high doses can pose risks.

Caffeine is synthesized industrially for use in pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, and beverages. It is also found naturally in plants like coffee beans (*Coffea* spp.), tea leaves (*Camellia sinensis*), and cocoa beans (*Theobroma cacao*). Due to its widespread use, caffeine has been extensively researched in pharmacology, toxicology, and neuroscience.