Bólguviðbragði

Bólguviðbragði is an Icelandic term that translates to inflammatory response in English. It refers to the complex biological process that occurs when the body's tissues are injured or infected. This response is a crucial part of the immune system's defense mechanism, aimed at removing harmful stimuli and initiating the healing process.

The inflammatory response is characterized by several cardinal signs: redness (rubor), heat (calor), swelling (tumor), pain (dolor), and loss of function (functio laesa). These symptoms arise from physiological changes at the site of injury. Blood vessels dilate, increasing blood flow to the area, which causes redness and heat. Increased permeability of blood vessels allows fluid and immune cells, such as white blood cells, to leak into the surrounding tissues, leading to swelling. Immune cells then work to neutralize pathogens, clear dead cells, and repair damaged tissue. Pain is often a result of the swelling and the chemical mediators released during the inflammatory process, serving as a protective signal to avoid further harm.

Inflammation can be acute, which is a short-term response that resolves once the cause is removed, or chronic, which can persist for long periods and potentially lead to tissue damage and disease. While essential for healing, uncontrolled or prolonged inflammation is implicated in a wide range of diseases, including arthritis, heart disease, and autoimmune disorders. Understanding the mechanisms of bólguviðbragði is therefore central to medical research and treatment.