Bæjarstjórn

Bæjarstjórn is the term used in Icelandic law for the governing council of an incorporated municipality. It functions as the primary administrative body responsible for local policy, budgeting, and service delivery within the boundaries of a city or town. The concept evolved from medieval assynir and rural assemblies (Þing) into a modern democratic institution after the 1974 municipal reforms that established distinct city and rural councils with defined statutory powers.

The legal framework for bæjarstjórn is outlined in the Icelandic Local Government Act (sameiniþjóðleg íslensk þjóðfélagslög). According to the Act, each municipality elects a council of 9 to 21 members, depending on population, for a four‑year mandate. The chair of the council, elected by its members, presides over meetings while the mayor (borgarstjóri) is appointed by the council to handle day‑to‑day administration.

Primary responsibilities include setting the municipal budget, overseeing public utilities such as water, waste, and public transport, managing local schools and cultural institutions, zoning and land‑use planning, and maintaining roads and public buildings. Councils also collaborate with national ministries on infrastructure projects and environmental regulations.

Elections are conducted under a proportional representation system, ensuring that minority voices are represented. After each election, the council convenes to adopt new statutes, approve the budget, and elect the mayor. Independent audits and public reporting are compulsory elements of the legal requirements to uphold transparency.

Bæjarstjórn serves as a key component of Iceland’s decentralized governance, providing residents with direct influence over local affairs while remaining accountable to broader national policies and regulations.