Bástyák

Bástyák is a Hungarian term referring to bastions, which are projecting parts of a fortification. These structures typically form a salient angle, projecting outwards from the curtain wall of a fortress or castle. Their primary purpose was to provide flanking fire, allowing defenders to shoot along the face of the wall and into the ditch, thereby preventing attackers from gaining a foothold at the base of the walls or from undermining them.

Bastions evolved significantly over time, with early forms being simpler, often rounded or polygonal towers. However, with the advent of gunpowder artillery, bastions became more elaborate. They developed into star-shaped or angular structures with thick, sloping walls designed to deflect cannonballs. This development, often referred to as the "trace italienne" or star fort, became the dominant form of fortification in Europe from the 16th century onwards.

In Hungary, bástyák were integral components of many medieval and Renaissance fortifications, reflecting the strategic importance of the region. Examples can be found in cities like Eger, Buda, and Győr, where these structures played a crucial role in defending against various invasions. The design and construction of bástyák varied depending on the era, the specific threats faced, and the available resources. They represent a key aspect of military architecture and the history of defensive strategies.