Bruttasäästö

Bruttasäästö, or gross saving, is the portion of a country’s income that is not spent on current consumption in a given period. It reflects the resources available for investment and capital accumulation and is the sum of saving by households and businesses as well as saving by the government.

In national accounts terms, gross saving can be defined as S_gross = Y − C − G, where Y is gross domestic product, C is total consumption, and G is government spending. It can also be expressed as the sum of private saving and public saving: private saving S_private = Yd − C, with disposable income Yd = Y − T + TR, where T represents taxes and TR transfers. Public saving is S_public = T − G − TR. Adding these gives S_gross = S_private + S_public = Y − C − G.

In a closed economy, gross saving equals investment (S_gross = I). In an open economy, gross saving funds domestic investment and net exports: S_gross = I + NX, where NX is net exports (exports minus imports). Equivalently, I = S_gross − NX. Net saving is gross saving minus depreciation of the capital stock.

Bruttasäästö is commonly reported as a share of GDP and is used to assess the financing available for investment and the external balance of an economy. Data are published by national statistical agencies, central banks, and international bodies such as the IMF or World Bank.