Brjóstkassinn

Brjóstkassinn, also known as the thoracic cage, is a bony structure in the torso of humans and other animals. It is formed by the ribs, the sternum (breastbone), and the thoracic vertebrae of the spine. The primary function of the brjóstkassinn is to protect the vital organs within the chest cavity, including the heart and lungs. It also plays a crucial role in respiration, expanding and contracting to facilitate breathing.

The brjóstkassinn consists of twelve pairs of ribs, each attached posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae. Anteriorly, most ribs connect to the sternum. The upper seven pairs, known as true ribs, attach directly to the sternum via their own costal cartilages. The next three pairs, called false ribs, attach indirectly to the sternum by joining the cartilage of the rib above. The final two pairs are floating ribs, as they have no anterior attachment.

The sternum is a flat, elongated bone located at the front of the chest. It is composed of three parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process. The thoracic vertebrae form the posterior aspect of the brjóstkassinn, providing articulation points for the ribs. The intricate structure of the brjóstkassinn allows for a degree of flexibility, which is essential for movements such as breathing, coughing, and physical activity. Any damage to the brjóstkassinn can compromise the integrity of these vital organs and impair respiratory function.