Brachyceran

Brachyceran is a large and diverse infraorder of flies that belongs to the order Diptera. This group is characterized by its short antennae, which typically consist of three segments, with the terminal segment often bearing a bristle-like structure called an arista. This feature distinguishes them from the other major infraorder of flies, Nematocera, which have long, slender antennae.

The Brachycera encompasses a vast array of families and species, including many common and well-known insects. Among the most familiar are the house flies (Muscidae), blow flies (Calliphoridae), and fruit flies (Drosophilidae). This infraorder also includes horse flies (Tabanidae), stable flies (Stomoxyidae), and hoverflies (Syrphidae), among many others.

Brachycera exhibit a wide range of ecological roles and life histories. Many are important pollinators, such as hoverflies, which mimic bees and wasps. Others are significant decomposers, playing a crucial role in nutrient cycling by feeding on decaying organic matter. Some species are predatory, controlling populations of other insects, while others, like horse flies and stable flies, are well-known for their biting habits and their potential to transmit diseases to livestock and humans. The larval stages (maggots) of many brachyceran flies are found in diverse habitats, including soil, decaying plants and animals, water, and even within living organisms. The adult flies are found in nearly every terrestrial and freshwater environment across the globe.