Boviparvovirus

Boviparvovirus is a genus of viruses within the family Parvoviridae, which includes several species that infect cattle. These viruses are small, non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA viruses. They are known to cause a variety of diseases in cattle, including bovine parvovirus (BPV), which is a significant pathogen causing severe clinical disease in newborn calves, known as neonatal calf diarrhea.

Boviparvoviruses are highly contagious and can be transmitted through direct contact with infected animals, contaminated feed, water, or fomites. They are also known to persist in the environment for extended periods, which contributes to their widespread distribution. The viruses replicate in the intestinal epithelial cells of the host, leading to diarrhea, dehydration, and in severe cases, death.

Diagnosis of boviparvovirus infection typically involves the detection of viral DNA using molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Treatment options are limited, and supportive care, including fluid therapy and management of dehydration, is the primary approach. Vaccination is available for some species of boviparvoviruses, such as BPV, and is recommended as part of a comprehensive disease prevention strategy.

Prevention of boviparvovirus infection involves strict biosecurity measures, including the use of vaccinated animals, proper disinfection of equipment and facilities, and the avoidance of contact with infected animals. Research into the development of more effective treatments and vaccines continues to be an active area of study in veterinary medicine.