Bosporuksen

The Bosporus, also known as the Istanbul Strait, is a natural strait and a globally significant waterway connecting the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara. It separates the continents of Europe and Asia, making Istanbul the only metropolis in the world situated on two continents. The strait is approximately 31 kilometers (19 miles) long and has a maximum depth of 110 meters (360 feet). Its narrowest width is about 700 meters (2,300 feet).

Historically, the Bosporus has been a crucial strategic and commercial passage. Its control has been sought after by numerous empires throughout history, including the Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, and Ottomans. The strait is a vital route for maritime trade, particularly for countries bordering the Black Sea, providing them with access to the Mediterranean Sea and beyond.

Two prominent suspension bridges span the Bosporus: the 15 July Martyrs Bridge (formerly the Bosporus Bridge) and the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge (Bosphorus Bridge). These bridges are iconic landmarks of Istanbul and are essential for road traffic between the European and Asian sides of the city. Additionally, a rail tunnel, the Marmaray, runs beneath the Bosporus, further enhancing connectivity.

The Bosporus is characterized by its strong currents, which flow in multiple layers due to differences in salinity between the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara. These currents can pose challenges for navigation. The strait is a vibrant ecosystem, supporting diverse marine life. Its shores are lined with historic sites, palaces, mosques, and residential areas, reflecting the rich cultural tapestry of Istanbul.