Bodemmicrobiota

Bodemmicrobiota refers to the assemblage of microorganisms that inhabit soil environments. It encompasses bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, protists, and viruses living in the soil matrix and in the rhizosphere, the zone influenced by plant roots. This microbial community is highly diverse and plays a central role in soil functioning, ecosystem productivity, and biogeochemical cycles.

Members of the bodemmicrobiota contribute to the decomposition of organic matter, mineralization of nutrients, and soil aggregation. Bacteria drive many elemental cycles, such as nitrogen and phosphorus turnover, while fungi, including mycorrhizal types, enhance nutrient uptake and soil structure. Protists regulate microbial populations, and viruses influence microbial diversity and gene transfer. The combined activity supports plant health by suppressing pathogens, promoting nutrient availability, and shaping the rhizosphere microbiome.

Environmental conditions, soil properties, and land management strongly shape bodemmicrobiota composition and function. pH, moisture, temperature, organic matter content, texture, and disturbances like tillage or fertilization alter community structure. Spatial heterogeneity within a soil profile means microhabitats host different assemblages, and plant roots create localized niches. Climate change and pollution can also modify community resilience and functional capacity.

Studying bodemmicrobiota uses molecular methods such as 16S rRNA gene and ITS sequencing, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and imaging techniques. These approaches reveal diversity, functional potential, and activity. Understanding these communities informs sustainable agriculture, soil conservation, and climate-smart land management by linking microbial processes to soil health and crop productivity.