Blymalm

Blymalm is a historical term that refers to lead ore, specifically galena. Galena, chemically known as lead(II) sulfide (PbS), is the principal ore from which elemental lead is extracted. Historically, the term "blymalm" was used in regions where lead mining was prevalent, often in Northern Europe and the British Isles. The extraction of lead from blymalm has been practiced for millennia, with significant Roman lead production and later extensive mining operations in countries like England, Germany, and Sweden.

The mining and processing of blymalm were crucial industries, providing lead for various applications. Lead was used in plumbing, roofing, solder, and in the production of lead pigments and glazes. The smelting process involved heating the ore in furnaces to separate the lead metal from sulfur and other impurities. This process often released significant amounts of sulfur dioxide, a major air pollutant, and was also responsible for the release of lead particles. The historical abundance of blymalm deposits in certain areas significantly influenced the development of local economies and communities. Over time, as easily accessible deposits became depleted and environmental concerns grew, the importance of blymalm as a primary source of lead diminished, with recycling becoming a more significant contributor to lead supply.