Blodgrupperne

Blodgrupperne refer to the classification of human blood based on the inherited properties of red blood cells. These properties are determined by the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of these cells. The most commonly known blood group system is the ABO system, which categorizes blood into four main types: A, B, AB, and O.

Type A blood has A antigens, Type B has B antigens, Type AB has both A and B antigens, and Type O has neither. Another crucial blood group system is the Rh factor, which indicates the presence (+) or absence (-) of the RhD antigen. This leads to classifications like Rh-positive and Rh-negative.

The ABO and Rh systems are critical for blood transfusions. Transfusing incompatible blood can lead to a severe immune reaction. Generally, individuals with Type O-negative blood are considered universal red blood cell donors, as their red blood cells lack A, B, and RhD antigens and are less likely to be rejected by recipients of any blood type. Conversely, individuals with Type AB-positive blood are universal plasma donors.

Understanding blood groups is also important during pregnancy. If an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus, there can be complications if the mother's immune system develops antibodies against the baby's blood. This condition is known as hemolytic disease of the newborn and can be managed with medical interventions. Blood typing is a standard procedure in medical settings to ensure safe transfusions and manage pregnancies.