BlochGrüneisenmodellen

The BlochGrüneisen model is a theoretical framework used in solid-state physics to describe the thermal properties of metals, particularly their electrical resistivity at low temperatures. It was developed by Felix Bloch and later refined by Edgar Grüneisen. The model accounts for the scattering of conduction electrons by lattice vibrations, also known as phonons.

At low temperatures, the dominant contribution to electrical resistivity in metals comes from electron-phonon interactions. The BlochGrüneisen model quantifies this interaction by considering the distribution of phonons and their energy. It establishes a relationship between the resistivity and temperature that deviates from simpler models, such as the Drude model.

A key feature of the BlochGrüneisen model is its prediction of the temperature dependence of resistivity. At very low temperatures, the resistivity is expected to be proportional to T^5, reflecting the scattering of electrons by low-energy phonons. As the temperature increases, the resistivity's temperature dependence becomes less steep.

The model provides a foundation for understanding why electrical resistance in pure metals typically decreases significantly as temperature approaches absolute zero. While it is a simplified model, it captures essential physics and has been a valuable tool for interpreting experimental data and understanding the behavior of metals under various thermal conditions. Modifications and extensions to the BlochGrüneisen model have been developed to account for additional scattering mechanisms and more complex material properties.