Bleomicina

Bleomicina is a glycopeptide antibiotic used in chemotherapy. It is derived from the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus. Bleomicina is a mixture of closely related compounds, primarily bleomycin A2 and B2, which are responsible for its cytotoxic activity. Its mechanism of action involves inducing DNA strand breaks. It chelates ferrous ions, which then reacts with oxygen to produce free radicals. These free radicals can then damage DNA, leading to cell death.

Bleomicina is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. It is used to treat various types of cancer, including squamous cell carcinomas, lymphomas (Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's), and testicular cancer. It is often used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs. The dosage and schedule depend on the type and stage of cancer, as well as the patient's overall health.

The most significant side effect of bleomicina is pulmonary toxicity, which can manifest as pneumonitis and fibrosis. This risk increases with cumulative dosage and in patients with pre-existing lung conditions. Other common side effects include fever, chills, skin reactions (such as hyperpigmentation and rash), and stomatitis. Bleomicina is not typically myelosuppressive. Due to its potential for serious lung toxicity, regular pulmonary function monitoring is often recommended during treatment.