Bioväetised

Bioväetised, also known as biofertilizers, are preparations containing living microorganisms that, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promote growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. These microorganisms can be bacteria, fungi, algae, or protozoa. Their primary function is to improve soil fertility and enhance plant nutrition through natural biological processes.

Commonly used biofertilizers include nitrogen-fixing bacteria like Rhizobium, which form symbiotic relationships with legumes, and Azotobacter and Azospirillum, which fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil. Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms, such as certain species of Bacillus and Pseudomonas, are also important biofertilizers as they convert insoluble phosphates in the soil into a form that plants can absorb. Mycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic associations with plant roots, extending their reach for water and nutrients, particularly phosphorus.

The application of bioväetised offers several advantages. They can reduce the reliance on synthetic chemical fertilizers, thereby minimizing environmental pollution and potential health risks associated with their overuse. Bioväetised contribute to sustainable agriculture by improving soil health, structure, and biodiversity. They can also enhance plant resistance to diseases and stress. The use of these biological agents is a growing trend in modern agriculture as a more environmentally friendly approach to crop production.