Biosensorische

Biosensorische is an adjective used in German- and Dutch-language texts to describe topics related to biosensors or biosensing. It denotes systems, phenomena, or research that involve a biological recognition element coupled to a transducer to produce a measurable signal.

A typical biosensor consists of three parts: a biorecognition element (such as enzymes, antibodies, aptamers, or nucleic acids), a transducer that converts a biological interaction into a signal, and a signal-processing and readout system. Performance is evaluated by sensitivity, selectivity, response time, dynamic range, and stability.

Common types include electrochemical (amperometric, potentiometric, conductometric), optical (fluorescence, colorimetric, plasmonic), piezoelectric, and thermal sensors. Enzymatic sensors using glucose oxidase are among the earliest and most established; newer designs use aptamers or whole cells. Advances in nanomaterials, microfluidics, and wireless readout broaden capabilities.

Applications span medical diagnostics and point-of-care testing, environmental and food safety monitoring, and industrial process control. Wearable devices and smartphone-integrated biosensors enable real-time monitoring outside traditional laboratories.

Historically, biosensors emerged in the mid-20th century with the Clark oxygen electrode and glucose sensors, evolving toward multiplexed and more selective devices. Ongoing challenges include biofouling, selectivity in complex samples, calibration needs, and regulatory approval. The field is interdisciplinary, drawing on biology, chemistry, physics, materials science, and engineering.