Biohasznosíthatóság

Biohasznosíthatóság is a Hungarian term that translates to bioavailability. It refers to the fraction of an administered dose of an unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is therefore available to produce its intended pharmacological effect. This concept is crucial in pharmacology and medicine, as it directly impacts the efficacy and safety of medications.

Several factors influence the bioavailability of a drug. The route of administration is a primary determinant; for example, intravenously administered drugs have 100% bioavailability because they enter the bloodstream directly. Oral administration, on the other hand, is subject to various barriers and processes that can reduce bioavailability. These include absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, first-pass metabolism in the liver, and the drug's chemical and physical properties.

Other factors affecting bioavailability include the formulation of the drug (e.g., tablet, capsule, solution), the presence of food in the stomach, and individual patient characteristics like age, disease state, and genetic variations. Understanding a drug's bioavailability is essential for determining appropriate dosages and dosing regimens to achieve therapeutic drug concentrations in the body. It helps in comparing different drug formulations or generic equivalents, ensuring that they deliver the same amount of active ingredient to the site of action. Bioavailability studies are a standard part of drug development and regulatory approval processes.