Bioconcrete

Bioconcrete, also known as self-healing concrete, is a type of concrete that incorporates living microorganisms within its structure. These microorganisms, typically bacteria, are dormant until exposed to specific conditions, such as the presence of water and oxygen, which often occur when a crack forms in the concrete. When these conditions are met, the bacteria become active and produce calcium carbonate, a mineral that acts as a natural binder. This calcium carbonate then fills the cracks, effectively repairing the damage.

The development of bioconcrete aims to address the inherent issue of cracking in traditional concrete, which can lead to structural degradation and reduced service life. By enabling the concrete to heal itself, bioconcrete has the potential to significantly extend the lifespan of structures and reduce the need for costly repairs and maintenance. The bacteria are usually encapsulated in protective porous materials, such as expanded clay or polymer spheres, to ensure their survival during the concrete mixing process and their controlled release when needed.

Research into bioconcrete is ongoing, focusing on optimizing the types of bacteria used, their encapsulation methods, and the overall performance and durability of the material. Potential applications include infrastructure projects like bridges and tunnels, as well as buildings and pavements, where its self-healing properties could offer substantial long-term benefits. The environmental impact is also a consideration, as the production of calcium carbonate by bacteria is a natural process, potentially offering a more sustainable alternative to conventional repair methods.