Bhumijs

The Bhumij are an ethnic group primarily found in the Indian states of Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha, and Chhattisgarh. They are a significant tribal community in these regions and are often classified under the broader category of Munda people. The Bhumij language, also known as Bhumij, is an Austroasiatic language belonging to the Munda branch, and it shares similarities with other Munda languages.

Historically, the Bhumij have been known for their agricultural practices and close connection to the land, which is reflected in their name, "Bhumij" deriving from the Sanskrit word "bhumi" meaning land. They have a rich cultural heritage with distinct traditions, social customs, and religious beliefs. Their social structure is often patrilineal, and they traditionally lived in villages organized around kinship.

The Bhumij have a history of asserting their rights and identity, sometimes involving social and political movements. Their economy has traditionally been agrarian, supplemented by forest produce and sometimes wage labor. Festivals, music, and dance play an important role in their cultural life. While they have faced challenges related to land rights and economic development, the Bhumij community continues to preserve its unique cultural identity and traditions in contemporary India.