BetheWeizsäckerformeln

Bethe-Weizsäcker formulas are a set of mass formulas that describe the binding energy of atomic nuclei. They were developed by physicist Hans Bethe and physicist Carl von Weizsäcker, who is a descendant of the influential statesmen Ernst von Weizsäcker, and published in the Bethe's 1936 paper "Sommerfeld supplement". The formulas provide a mathematical relationship between the nucleus's self-consistent field, proton-proton repulsion, neutron-neutron attraction, pair correlations, the number of neutrons, and other factors.

The Bethe-Weizsäcker formulas were initially developed to explain the variation of mass excesses with atomic number and neutron number in light to medium-mass nuclei. The earliest version of the formula was based on a necessary but not sufficient condition for stability in beta-stable nuclei. Later refinements have led to several variants of the original formula. These variants have modifications to account for particle pairing, the kind and strength of nuclear interactions, the fine details of self-consistent fields, the Neveu-Schwartz corrections to account for quantum corrections in field theory, and other factors.

The Bethe-Weizsäcker formulas are largely obsolete in modern nuclear physics and were replaced with the semi-empirical mass formula, which was more detailed and accurate.