Betareduktio

Betareduktio is a process in which a beta particle is emitted from an atomic nucleus, resulting in a change in the atomic number of the nucleus. This process is a form of radioactive decay and is commonly observed in elements with atomic numbers greater than 83 (bismuth). Betareduktio can occur through two primary mechanisms: beta minus (β-) decay and beta plus (β+) decay.

In beta minus decay, a neutron in the nucleus is converted into a proton, an electron, and an antineutrino. This results in an increase in the atomic number by one, as the number of protons increases by one. The emitted electron is known as a beta particle.

In beta plus decay, a proton in the nucleus is converted into a neutron, a positron, and a neutrino. This results in a decrease in the atomic number by one, as the number of protons decreases by one. The emitted positron is also known as a beta particle.

Betareduktio is an important process in nuclear physics and astrophysics, as it contributes to the stability and evolution of atomic nuclei. It is also utilized in various applications, such as in medical imaging and cancer treatment, where radioactive isotopes undergo betareduktio to produce diagnostic or therapeutic radiation.