Berayotgan

Berayotgan is a present participle form in Uzbek grammar derived from the verb ber- “to give.” It is formed by adding the suffix -ayotgan to the verb stem and serves as an adjective-like modifier that indicates ongoing or in-progress giving. In usage, berayotgan can introduce relative clauses or modify nouns directly, describing the one who is giving or the act of giving that is currently taking place.

Etymology and morphology: ber- plus the present-participle suffix -ayotgan yields a form that communicates continuity. It is part of a broader system of Turkic participles, which use different suffixes to express aspect and voice.

Usage: The participle can function attributively, as in berayotgan kishi “the person who is giving,” or as part of a predicate construction to describe ongoing action. It often appears in contexts where the emphasis is on the act of giving as it happens. It is distinct from berilgan, the past passive participle meaning “given,” and from beradigan, the form indicating a future or habitual giver, depending on the context.

Examples:

- Berayotgan kishi yordam ko'rsatmoqda. (The person who is giving is providing help.)

- Berilayotgan yordam nihoyat yetib keldi. (The aid being given has finally arrived.)

Notes: Berayotgan is primarily a descriptive, present-tense-oriented form. Its exact nuance can depend on sentence position and surrounding predicates. It is widely used in formal and informal Uzbek to express ongoing giving. See also: Uzbek grammar, participles, ber- (to give).