Benvävnadsgraft

Benvävnadsgraft, also known as bone grafting, is a surgical procedure used to repair or reconstruct bone defects. This is typically achieved by transplanting bone tissue from one location to another. The transplanted bone, called a graft, serves as a scaffold to support the regeneration of new bone.

There are several types of bone grafts. Autografts are harvested from the patient's own body, most commonly from the iliac crest (hip bone), fibula, or rib. Allografts are sourced from a donor, usually a deceased individual, and are processed and screened for safety. Xenografts are derived from a different species, such as bovine bone, and are also processed to remove antigens. Synthetic bone graft substitutes, made from materials like calcium phosphates or bioactive glasses, are also available and mimic the properties of natural bone.

Bone grafting is employed in a variety of clinical situations. It is frequently used in orthopedic surgery to treat fractures that have not healed properly (non-unions) or to fuse bones together in procedures like spinal fusion. Dental implants often require bone grafting to provide adequate support for the implant. Reconstructive surgery after trauma or cancer removal may also utilize bone grafts to restore structural integrity and function. The graft stimulates osteogenesis (new bone formation), osteoconduction (providing a framework for bone growth), and osteoinduction (inducing undifferentiated cells to become bone-forming cells), ultimately leading to the integration and regeneration of the defect.