Bensoüülrühm

The Bensoüülrühm, also known as the benzoyl group, is a functional group in organic chemistry. It is derived from benzoic acid by the removal of the hydroxyl group. Its chemical formula is C6H5CO-. The structure consists of a phenyl ring attached to a carbonyl group. The carbonyl group is a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.

The benzoyl group is a common substituent found in many organic compounds. It plays a role in the structure and reactivity of various molecules. For example, it is a key component of esters, amides, and acid halides derived from benzoic acid. These derivatives have diverse applications, including in pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and polymers.

In synthesis, the benzoyl group can be introduced into other molecules through reactions such as acylation. Friedel-Crafts acylation is a notable method where a benzoyl halide reacts with an aromatic compound in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to form a benzophenone derivative.

The presence of the benzoyl group can influence the physical and chemical properties of a molecule. For instance, it can increase the molecule's polarity and affect its solubility. It also participates in characteristic reactions of carbonyl compounds, such as nucleophilic addition. The phenyl ring contributes aromaticity and can undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.