Bazilikas

Bazilikas (singular bazilika) are large or historically important churches that have been given special status in the Catholic Church and that, more broadly, refer to prominent church buildings in Christian contexts. The term derives from Late Latin basilica, from Greek basilikē, meaning royal, originally a public hall in ancient Rome later used for Christian worship.

In Catholic practice, a bazilika is a church designated by the pope for its antiquity, significance, or role in worship and pilgrimage. There are two main categories: major basilikas, all located in Rome, and minor basilikas, found around the world. The designation carries ceremonial privileges but does not change the church's status within a diocese.

Architecturally, bazilikas typically have a longitudinal plan with a central nave flanked by aisles, an apse at the end, and often a transept. They may feature domes, monumental façades, and artworks that reflect their ceremonial role.

Functions and significance: Bazilikas serve as pilgrimage destinations, sites for important liturgical rites, and symbols of religious heritage. They may house relics and host special ceremonies, including papal liturgies in the case of major basilikas.

Examples: Major basilikas include St. Peter’s Basilica and Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome. Around the world, numerous minor basilikas exemplify regional devotion and architectural variety.