Bauchspeicheldrüsenerkrankung

Bauchspeicheldrüse is the German term for the pancreas, an organ located in the abdomen. It plays a crucial role in both digestion and hormone regulation. The pancreas is a gland organ in the upper abdomen, behind the stomach. It is a vital part of the digestive system and endocrine system.

The exocrine function of the pancreas involves producing digestive enzymes. These enzymes, such as amylase, lipase, and proteases, are released into the small intestine through ducts. Amylase breaks down carbohydrates, lipase breaks down fats, and proteases break down proteins, aiding in the digestion of food.

The endocrine function of the pancreas is carried out by specialized cells called the islets of Langerhans. These cells produce hormones that regulate blood sugar levels. The most important hormones are insulin and glucagon. Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose by cells and its storage as glycogen in the liver and muscles. Glucagon raises blood glucose levels by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen in the liver, releasing glucose into the bloodstream.

Disorders of the pancreas include pancreatitis, a painful inflammation of the organ, and diabetes mellitus, a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin production or impaired insulin function. Pancreatic cancer is another serious disease affecting this organ. The pancreas's dual role makes it essential for overall health and metabolic balance.