Baryonische

Baryonische, as used in physics, refers to phenomena related to baryons. In German-speaking contexts, the adjective baryonisch (plural baryonische) describes properties related to baryons; in English, the corresponding adjective is baryonic. In particle physics, a baryon is a composite particle made of three quarks. Baryons carry a baryon number B = +1; their antiparticles, antibaryons, carry B = −1. The lightest and most familiar baryons are the proton and the neutron, which together form ordinary matter in atomic nuclei. Baryons are fermions and are subject to the strong, electromagnetic, and weak interactions; most observed baryons are bound states of three quarks, while heavier baryons contain strange, charm, bottom, or top quarks, though top quarks do not form long-lived hadrons.

Baryonische matter, or baryonic matter, refers to ordinary matter composed of baryons. It contrasts with non-baryonic components such as photons and neutrinos in the early universe, and especially with dark matter, which is not built from baryons. Baryons are electrically charged and interact with photons, enabling radiative cooling and star formation. In cosmology, the abundance and distribution of baryonic matter are constrained by big bang nucleosynthesis and observations of the cosmic microwave background, as well as by the study of baryon acoustic oscillations in the large-scale structure.

In summary, the term baryonisch/baryonische is used to denote properties, processes, or matter associated with baryons, the three-quark constituents of the majority of visible matter in the universe. The concept is central to particle physics, nuclear physics, and cosmology.