Balustrades

A balustrade is a row of balusters supporting a handrail, forming a railing along stairs, balconies, terraces, or mezzanines. It combines safety with aesthetic design to prevent falls while defining space.

The main components are the handrail, balusters (uprights), base rail or stringer, and newel posts at the ends or where the railing changes direction. These elements work together to transfer load and provide a stable barrier.

Materials include wood, metal (iron, steel, aluminum), glass, stone, and concrete, with designs ranging from classical turned balusters to sleek modern profiles. Finishes and textures are chosen to suit architectural style and environmental conditions.

In construction, balustrades must be securely anchored to walls or floors and typically comply with local building codes that specify guardrail height, opening size, and load requirements. Common practice places handrails at about 34 to 38 inches above the finished surface, with openings not allowing a 4-inch sphere to pass in many jurisdictions.

Historically, balustrades appear in ancient Greek and Roman architecture and were further developed in Renaissance and Baroque settings; today they are common on interior and exterior stairs, balconies, and terraces, serving both functional and decorative purposes.

Maintenance involves periodic cleaning and refinishing, with wood protected by sealants and metal components treated for corrosion resistance. Damaged balusters or posts should be repaired or replaced to preserve safety and appearance.