Balansiranje

Balansiranje is the process of reducing unbalance in rotating components to minimize vibration, noise, and wear. Unbalance occurs when the mass distribution around the rotation axis is not symmetric, creating centrifugal forces that increase with speed. The aim is to place the center of gravity as close as possible to the axis of rotation and to balance all rotating masses.

There are two main types. Static balancing corrects unbalance in a single plane, addressing a fixed offset of weight. Dynamic balancing handles unbalance that affects more than one plane, addressing both static and couple (sideways) unbalance, which is important for high‑speed rotors. Balancing may involve adding or removing material, or repositioning components, to achieve a prescribed tolerance.

Balancing is performed with specialized equipment known as balancing machines. The typical workflow involves mounting the component, running it to measure vibration and the phase of the unbalance, using a balancer to calculate the required correction, applying masses or removing material at specific radii and angles, and then re-testing to verify that the unbalance is within limits.

Common applications include automotive wheel balancing, aircraft and ship propellers, turbine blades, fans, pumps, flywheels, and other rotors in machinery. Benefits of effective balansiranje include smoother operation, reduced bearing and shaft wear, lower energy losses, quieter operation, and longer service life. Proper balancing requires attention to manufacturing tolerances, operating speed, and ongoing maintenance checks to sustain performance.