Avskärningsfrekvenser

Avskärningsfrekvenser, or cutoff frequencies, are fundamental concepts in signal processing and filter design. They represent the boundary frequency at which the power or amplitude of a signal is reduced by a specific amount, typically by half or to a certain decibel level. In analog and digital filters, the cutoff frequency defines the transition between the passband, where signals are allowed to pass with minimal attenuation, and the stopband, where signals are significantly attenuated.

There are different ways to define cutoff frequencies. The most common definition is the -3 dB cutoff frequency, also known as the half-power point. At this frequency, the power of the signal is reduced by half, which corresponds to a voltage or amplitude reduction to approximately 70.7% of its value in the passband. Another definition is the -6 dB cutoff frequency, indicating a further reduction in signal strength.

The specific cutoff frequency is a critical parameter that determines the behavior and application of a filter. For example, in audio systems, cutoff frequencies are used to shape the tonal balance by attenuating or emphasizing certain frequency ranges. In telecommunications, they are employed to isolate desired signals from unwanted noise or interference. The design and selection of appropriate cutoff frequencies are essential for achieving the desired signal characteristics and performance in various electronic systems.