Avitamiinism

Avitamiinism refers to a condition arising from a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins in the diet. Vitamins are organic compounds that are vital for normal growth and nutrition, and are required in small quantities in the diet but cannot be synthesized by the body. When the body does not receive adequate amounts of specific vitamins, various physiological processes can be disrupted, leading to a range of symptoms and health problems.

The specific manifestations of avitamiinism depend on which vitamin is lacking. For instance, a deficiency in vitamin C can cause scurvy, characterized by fatigue, bleeding gums, and poor wound healing. Lack of vitamin D can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults, affecting bone health. Vitamin A deficiency is a leading cause of preventable blindness in children and weakens the immune system. Other common vitamin deficiencies include B vitamins, such as B1 (thiamine) deficiency causing beriberi, and B12 deficiency leading to megaloblastic anemia and neurological issues.

Avitamiinism is often linked to inadequate dietary intake, which can be due to poor nutrition, restrictive diets, or lack of access to a varied food supply. Malabsorption disorders, certain medical conditions, and increased vitamin requirements during specific life stages like pregnancy can also contribute to vitamin deficiencies. Diagnosis typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and blood tests to measure vitamin levels. Treatment usually involves dietary changes to increase vitamin intake and, in more severe cases, vitamin supplementation. Prevention is best achieved through a balanced and nutrient-rich diet that includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein sources.