Aterektomia

Aterektomia is a medical procedure used to remove atherosclerotic plaque from the arteries. Atherosclerosis is a condition where plaque, a buildup of fat, cholesterol, and other substances, hardens and narrows the arteries, restricting blood flow. This can lead to serious health problems such as heart attack, stroke, and peripheral artery disease.

The procedure involves inserting a catheter, a thin, flexible tube, into a blood vessel, usually in the groin or arm. This catheter is guided to the narrowed section of the artery. Various types of aterektomy devices can be used, depending on the specific situation. Some devices use a rotating blade to shave off the plaque, while others use a vacuum or suction mechanism to remove it. Laser aterektomy uses a laser to vaporize the plaque.

Once the plaque is removed or reduced, blood flow is restored. Aterektomy is often performed in conjunction with other procedures, such as angioplasty and stenting, to further open the artery and prevent it from narrowing again. The decision to perform aterektomy is based on the patient's specific condition, the location and severity of the blockage, and overall health. It is a minimally invasive technique, generally involving a small incision and a shorter recovery time compared to traditional surgery. Complications, though rare, can include bleeding, damage to the artery, or the dislodging of plaque fragments.