Asetüülkloriidi

Asetüülkloriid is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3COCl. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Asetüülkloriid is a highly reactive acyl halide and a derivative of acetic acid. It is widely used in organic synthesis as an acetylating agent, meaning it is used to introduce an acetyl group (CH3CO-) into other molecules. This process is known as acetylation.

The synthesis of asetüülkloriid typically involves the reaction of acetic acid or acetic anhydride with chlorinating agents such as thionyl chloride (SOCl2), phosphorus trichloride (PCl3), or phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5). The reaction with thionyl chloride is a common laboratory method, producing gaseous byproducts sulfur dioxide (SO2) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) which can be easily removed.

Asetüülkloriid is a versatile reagent employed in the production of various compounds, including esters, amides, and ketones. It is crucial in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and dyes. For instance, it is used in the production of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) through the acetylation of salicylic acid.

Due to its high reactivity, asetüülkloriid reacts vigorously with water, alcohols, and amines, releasing hydrogen chloride gas. This exothermic reaction necessitates careful handling and storage in dry, sealed containers, away from moisture and incompatible substances. Protective gear, including gloves, eye protection, and respiratory protection, should be used when working with asetüülkloriid due to its corrosive nature and irritating fumes.