Arüülhalogeenid

Arüülhalogeenid are organic compounds where a halogen atom is directly bonded to an aromatic ring. They are also known as aryl halides. The aromatic ring, typically a benzene ring, influences the reactivity of the halogen atom. Common examples include chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, and iodobenzene. Fluorinated aromatic compounds are also considered arüülhalogeenid. These compounds are generally less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution compared to alkyl halides due to the electron-withdrawing nature of the aromatic ring, which strengthens the carbon-halogen bond. However, under specific conditions, such as high temperatures or the presence of strong electron-withdrawing groups on the ring, nucleophilic substitution can occur. Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a more common reaction pathway for arüülhalogeenid, where the halogen atom acts as a deactivating but ortho, para-directing group. Arüülhalogeenid find applications as intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and polymers. They are also used as solvents and flame retardants. The properties of arüülhalogeenid vary depending on the type of halogen and the substituents on the aromatic ring.