Aruusamid

Aruusamid, also known as "saltwort" or *Salicornia* in scientific classification, is a genus of halophytic (salt-tolerant) plants belonging to the family Amaranthaceae. These succulent, herbaceous plants are commonly found in coastal salt marshes, brackish wetlands, and saline soils worldwide, thriving in environments where most other vegetation cannot survive. The name *Aruusamid* is derived from Estonian, where it refers to these plants, particularly species like *Salicornia europaea*, which is widely distributed across Europe and parts of Asia.

Aruusamid plants are characterized by their slender, jointed, and often reddish or green stems, which can grow in dense clusters. They are edible and have been historically consumed as a seasonal delicacy in coastal regions, particularly in Europe, where they are harvested in late summer. The tender shoots are rich in vitamins A, C, and minerals such as potassium and magnesium, making them a nutritious addition to salads or cooked dishes. In some cultures, they are pickled or preserved to extend their shelf life.

Beyond their culinary uses, aruusamid species have gained attention for their potential in agriculture and environmental restoration. Due to their ability to grow in saline soils, they are being explored as a bioindicator for soil salinity and as a possible crop for saline agriculture, helping to mitigate food shortages in arid or coastal regions. Research also suggests their potential in phytoremediation, where they could absorb excess salts from contaminated soils, improving land for cultivation.

Ecologically, aruusamid plays a role in stabilizing coastal ecosystems by preventing soil erosion and providing habitat for various invertebrates and birds. However, their distribution can be threatened by habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change, which alter salt marsh dynamics. Conservation efforts focus on protecting these fragile ecosystems to preserve both the plants and the biodiversity they support.