ArgADPribosylation

ArgADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification involving the transfer of an ADP-ribose moiety from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to an arginine residue within a protein. This modification is catalyzed by enzymes known as ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs), which are involved in various cellular processes. ArgADP-ribosylation plays a crucial role in regulating protein function, stability, and interactions with other proteins. It is particularly notable for its involvement in cellular signaling pathways, DNA repair, and immune responses. The modification can either activate or inhibit protein function, depending on the specific context and the target protein. For example, in the immune system, ArgADP-ribosylation of the enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is involved in DNA damage response and repair. The dynamic nature of ArgADP-ribosylation allows for rapid and reversible regulation of protein activity, making it an important mechanism in cellular homeostasis and response to stress. The study of ArgADP-ribosylation continues to uncover its diverse roles and potential as a therapeutic target in various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.