Archimédesztörvény

Archimédesztörvény, often referred to as Archimedes' principle, is a fundamental law of hydrostatics formulated by the ancient Greek mathematician and inventor Archimedes. It states that any body wholly or partially submerged in a fluid at rest is acted upon by an upward, or buoyant, force whose magnitude is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body. This buoyant force arises from the difference in pressure exerted by the fluid at the bottom and top surfaces of the submerged object.

The principle can be expressed mathematically as F_b = ρ_f * V_d * g, where F_b is the buoyant force, ρ_f is the density of the fluid, V_d is the volume of the fluid displaced by the object (which is equal to the submerged volume of the object), and g is the acceleration due to gravity. If the buoyant force is greater than the weight of the object, the object will float. If the buoyant force is less than the weight of the object, the object will sink. If the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the object, the object will remain suspended at its current depth.

Archimedes' principle has numerous practical applications. It is used in the design of ships and submarines, where understanding buoyancy is crucial for stability and maneuverability. It also plays a role in determining the density of irregularly shaped objects and in various scientific and engineering calculations involving fluids. The discovery of this principle is considered one of the most significant contributions to physics from the ancient world.