Antrakinoonvärvained

Antrakinoonvärvained comprise a significant class of synthetic organic dyes and pigments. They are derived from the anthraquinone molecule, a tricyclic aromatic ketone with the formula C14H8O2. The inherent chromophoric properties of the anthraquinone structure, when substituted with various auxochromes, lead to a wide spectrum of colors. These colors range from yellow and orange to red, violet, blue, and green.

The historical development of anthraquinone dyes began in the late 19th century with the discovery of synthetic alizarin, a red dye previously obtained from the madder root. This marked a turning point in the textile industry, providing a more stable and reproducible source of color. Since then, numerous other anthraquinone dyes have been synthesized, finding applications beyond textiles in areas such as inks, paints, and even food coloring, although regulatory approval varies by region and specific compound.

The stability of anthraquinone dyes is a key characteristic. They generally exhibit good lightfastness and resistance to washing and chemical treatments. This makes them suitable for applications requiring durability. The specific properties and color of an anthraquinone dye are heavily influenced by the type and position of substituents on the anthraquinone core. Examples include vat dyes, disperse dyes, and acid dyes, each tailored for different fiber types and dyeing methods. Despite their widespread use, some anthraquinone derivatives have faced scrutiny due to environmental or health concerns, leading to ongoing research and development for more sustainable alternatives.