Antitestkötdés

Antitestkötdés is a term that describes the phenomenon where antibodies, which are proteins produced by the immune system to neutralize foreign substances, inadvertently bind to and attack the body's own healthy tissues. This misdirected immune response is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases. Instead of targeting pathogens like viruses or bacteria, the body's antibodies mistakenly identify self-antigens, molecules normally present on the surface of cells, as foreign invaders.

The exact mechanisms triggering antitestkötdés are complex and not fully understood. However, genetic predisposition and environmental factors are believed to play significant roles. Certain gene variants can make individuals more susceptible to developing autoimmune conditions. Environmental triggers such as infections, exposure to toxins, or certain medications can potentially initiate or exacerbate the autoimmune process in genetically predisposed individuals.

When antibodies bind to self-antigens, they can initiate a cascade of inflammatory and destructive processes. This can lead to tissue damage and organ dysfunction, depending on the specific tissues targeted. For example, in rheumatoid arthritis, antibodies attack the joints, leading to inflammation and pain. In type 1 diabetes, the immune system destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Diagnosis of conditions involving antitestkötdés often involves detecting these autoantibodies in the blood. Treatment strategies typically focus on suppressing the immune system to reduce the attack on self-tissues and managing the symptoms of the disease.