Antiseptický

Antiseptický refers to substances that inhibit or kill microorganisms on living tissue, such as skin or mucous membranes. These agents are crucial for preventing infections by reducing the number of pathogens present. Antiseptics are distinct from disinfectants, which are used to sterilize inanimate objects.

The concept of antisepsis gained significant traction in the mid-19th century with the work of Joseph Lister. Inspired by Louis Pasteur's germ theory, Lister introduced carbolic acid (phenol) as an antiseptic agent during surgical procedures, dramatically reducing post-operative mortality rates. This marked a revolutionary shift in medical practice, moving away from the prevailing miasma theory.

Common antiseptic agents include alcohols (like ethanol and isopropyl alcohol), iodine compounds, chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, and various quaternary ammonium compounds. Their effectiveness varies depending on the specific microorganism and concentration used. Antiseptics are widely employed in healthcare settings for wound cleaning, hand hygiene, and preparing skin before medical interventions. They are also found in numerous over-the-counter products like mouthwashes, antiseptic wipes, and hand sanitizers. Proper use of antiseptics is vital to achieve their intended benefits while minimizing potential side effects such as skin irritation or allergic reactions.