Antiinfectious

Antiinfectious refers to agents or measures that prevent, treat, or reduce infections caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The term encompasses a broad range of interventions, including drugs that treat infections, substances used to prevent infection, and strategies that reduce transmission. In common usage, antiinfectives are often referred to as antimicrobials, antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, antiparasitics, antiseptics, disinfectants, vaccines, and related public health measures.

Categories and examples include antibiotics (which target bacteria), antivirals (which inhibit viral replication), antifungals (which combat fungal infections), and antiparasitics (which treat parasitic diseases). Antiseptics and disinfectants are applied to living tissue or inanimate surfaces to reduce microbial presence. Vaccines stimulate the immune system to prevent specific infections, while prophylactic use of antiinfectives aims to reduce risk in high-exposure situations or during surgical procedures.

Mechanisms of action vary widely. Some agents kill pathogens directly, others inhibit growth or replication, and vaccines train the immune system for faster, more effective responses upon exposure. Antiinfectives are fundamental in clinical medicine, public health, and infection control, including perioperative prophylaxis, treatment of active infections, and outbreak management.

Challenges include antimicrobial resistance, potential adverse effects, and the need for accurate diagnosis and targeted therapy. Responsible use and stewardship are emphasized to preserve effectiveness and minimize harm.