Antibiotit

Antibiotics are a class of medications used to treat bacterial infections. They work by either killing the bacteria or inhibiting their growth. Antibiotics are typically not effective against viral infections, such as the common cold or flu, because viruses are not alive and do not have the same cellular structure as bacteria.

The discovery of antibiotics began in the early 20th century. The first antibiotic, penicillin, was isolated from the mold Penicillium notatum by Alexander Fleming in 1928. Since then, numerous other antibiotics have been developed, including cephalosporins, tetracyclines, and macrolides.

Antibiotics are used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including those of the skin, respiratory system, urinary tract, and bloodstream. They are also used to prevent infections in people who have undergone certain medical procedures, such as surgery or dental work.

However, the overuse and misuse of antibiotics have led to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which are bacteria that are no longer susceptible to the effects of antibiotics. This is a significant public health concern, as antibiotic-resistant infections can be more difficult and expensive to treat, and can even be life-threatening.

To combat antibiotic resistance, healthcare providers and patients should use antibiotics only when necessary and as directed by a healthcare professional. This includes finishing the entire course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished. Additionally, hand hygiene and proper food handling practices can help prevent the spread of bacterial infections.