AntiTg

Thyroglobulin antibodies, often abbreviated as anti-Tg, are proteins produced by the immune system. Normally, the immune system distinguishes between the body's own tissues and foreign invaders. However, in certain autoimmune conditions, the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells or proteins. Thyroglobulin antibodies are a type of autoantibody, meaning they are directed against a substance normally found within the body.

Thyroglobulin is a large protein synthesized by follicular cells in the thyroid gland. It plays a crucial role in the production of thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Anti-Tg antibodies bind to thyroglobulin. The presence of anti-Tg antibodies in the blood can be an indicator of autoimmune thyroid disease.

Measuring anti-Tg levels is a common diagnostic test. Elevated levels are frequently found in individuals with autoimmune thyroid diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, a common cause of hypothyroidism, and Graves' disease, a common cause of hyperthyroidism. In some cases, anti-Tg antibodies can also be present in individuals with other autoimmune disorders or even in healthy individuals, though at lower levels. The presence of anti-Tg antibodies does not always correlate directly with the severity of thyroid dysfunction, but they are a valuable marker for diagnosing and monitoring autoimmune thyroid conditions.